内罗毕道路养护融资与合同监督培训

培训项目概述

Roads lose value quickly when maintenance is late, and road budgets lose value quickly when contracts are late, varied or paid in arrears. For road agencies and road funds in Southern and East Africa, the hard questions are often not technical: how much maintenance the network needs, how it will be paid for each year, and how contracts are managed so that money reaches the road rather than interest, variations and unrecovered advances.

Zambia offers a clear case. A special audit of the Road Development Agency for 2017–2022 reported that the agency owed contractors and consultants about K9.89 billion at the end of 2022 and accrued K1.3 billion in interest for late payment. It also found that 14 contracts valued at K4.53 billion were varied to K6.65 billion, and that K90.95 million in advance payments had not been recovered. At the same time, the World Bank-financed Improved Rural Connectivity Project, which used output and performance-based road contracts (OPRC) for feeder roads, reached its closing date at the end of 2025, and its results framework tracks whether government-funded maintenance contracts continue after the Bank-supported contracts end.

This five-day programme, designed by Risalat Consultants International, works through the full chain: network condition and maintenance needs, multi-year maintenance financing, procurement of performance-based maintenance, contract administration, payment planning, variations and claims, and the oversight of long-term PPP concessions. Each day uses Zambian and regional cases, including the World Bank-financed TRACER corridor project and Zambia’s road concessions.

Nairobi gives participants a working comparison. Kenya funds road maintenance through a dedicated fuel levy distributed by the Kenya Roads Board under an allocation formula, and it operates the Nairobi Expressway under a long-term concession. Both offer lessons on what works and on the pressures such systems face.

本培训项目可在以下方面加强机构能力：

• Road asset data, condition surveys and maintenance needs assessment
• Multi-year maintenance programmes and budget allocation rules
• Road fund governance, revenue sources and transparent allocation
• Output and performance-based road contracts and their handover
• Contract administration, measurement and certification
• Payment planning to avoid arrears and interest on late payment
• Variation control, claims and dispute avoidance
• Advance payment securities, performance guarantees and liquidated damages
• PPP concession monitoring and contingent liability reporting
• Responding to audit findings and parliamentary committees

The programme is designed for road agencies, road fund agencies, transport and infrastructure ministries, local road authorities, PPP units and finance ministries in Zambia and neighbouring countries, and for consultants and contractors who work with them.

Why Road Maintenance Financing Matters Now

Zambia’s road programme is moving on several fronts at once. The World Bank’s US$270 million TRACER grant will rehabilitate the Serenje–Mpika section of the Dar es Salaam corridor, build a One Stop Border Post at Nakonde and create a SMART corridor, with institutional capacity building for corridor management. The Road Development Agency has also reported 11 PPP concession agreements to upgrade and maintain over 1,002 km of roads. Each of these adds long-term maintenance and contract obligations that must be planned and paid for.

Audit work keeps pointing to the same areas. The special audit recommended that projects be prioritised and budgeted in line with Ministry of Finance and National Planning approvals and that quality assurance be met before payments. The Auditor General’s report for 2024 called for tighter procurement oversight and improved contract management, and Parliament has considered an Auditor General report on the use of the Road Fund for road maintenance over 2020–2024.

各机构日益需要能够做到以下几点的专业人员：

• Translate network condition data into a costed, prioritised maintenance programme
• Align contract commitments with approved budgets and cash forecasts
• Manage OPRC and other performance-based contracts after donor financing ends
• Control variations and assess claims with clear evidence
• Track securities, guarantees and liquidated damages throughout a contract
• Monitor concession performance and report fiscal commitments
• Respond to audit findings with practical corrective action plans

强大的能力有助于机构：

• Spend more of each year’s road budget on actual works
• Reduce interest, penalties and disputes
• Protect the value of rehabilitated roads
• Build confidence with financiers, contractors and road users
• Manage PPPs without unplanned fiscal costs

Who Should Attend This Road Maintenance Financing Training

本培训项目适合：

• Directors and managers of maintenance, planning and contracts in road agencies
• Road fund finance, allocation and audit staff
• Engineers in local road authorities and municipal councils
• Project coordinators and engineers on World Bank, AfDB, EIB and EU road projects
• PPP unit staff and concession monitoring officers
• Finance ministry budget and fiscal risk officers covering transport
• Procurement specialists handling works and maintenance contracts
• Internal auditors and risk managers in road sector bodies
• Supervision consultants and contractor contract managers
• Staff of parliamentary and oversight bodies supporting road sector scrutiny

培训项目目标

完成本培训项目后，学员将能够：

• Prepare a multi-year road maintenance programme from condition data
• Assess road fund revenue, allocation rules and their effect on maintenance
• Structure and manage performance-based maintenance contracts
• Plan handover from donor-financed contracts to government-funded maintenance
• Align commitments, certificates and payments with approved budgets
• Control variations and evaluate claims consistently
• Manage advance payment securities, guarantees and liquidated damages
• Monitor PPP concessions and report contingent liabilities
• Draft a corrective action plan in response to audit findings
• 为本单位制定90天行动计划

Road Maintenance Financing Training Structure & Contents

培训方法

The programme is practical and case-based. Short expert inputs are followed by exercises on sample road data, contract registers and audit findings, so participants practise the decisions they make at work.

• Regional case studies from Zambia, Kenya and neighbouring countries
• Simulations on maintenance programming and financing
• Group work on contract registers, variations and audit responses
• Expert-led sessions on road financing, contracts and PPPs
• Site visit to road and corridor infrastructure in Nairobi (where applicable)
• 制定个人行动计划并获得同伴反馈

机构应用

本培训项目帮助机构加强：

• Road asset management and maintenance planning
• Road fund allocation and reporting
• Performance-based maintenance contracting
• Contract administration and payment control
• Variation, claims and securities management
• PPP concession oversight and fiscal risk reporting

学员将带着实用工具回到工作岗位，以提升：

• Maintenance needs estimates and priority lists
• Multi-year maintenance financing plans
• Contract monitoring registers
• Variation and claims procedures
• Audit corrective action plans

区域相关性与应用

In Zambia, the special audit of the Road Development Agency for 2017–2022 reported contract sums of about K9.80 billion for 24 projects, around K9.89 billion owed to contractors and consultants at the end of 2022, K1.3 billion in interest for late payment and K2.13 billion added through variations on 14 contracts. The World Bank’s Improved Rural Connectivity Project, approved in 2017 with US$200 million to improve rural roads when only 17% of the rural population lived within 2 km of a good road, used OPRC contracts and reached its closing date at the end of 2025. Sustaining those roads now depends on government-funded maintenance contracts and timely payment.

New commitments are also growing: the TRACER corridor project, 11 reported road concessions and further rehabilitation contracts. For Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and other countries in the region, the same questions arise wherever road funds, performance-based contracts and concessions operate together, which makes the programme relevant to teams across Southern and East Africa.

东道国概况：肯尼亚

Nairobi is East Africa’s main business and air hub. Since 2025, Kenya has exempted all African nationals except those of Somalia and Libya from the electronic travel authorisation, which makes the city easy to reach for participants from Zambia and the wider region.

Kenya finances road maintenance mainly through the Road Maintenance Levy, raised from Sh18 to Sh25 per litre in July 2024 and distributed by the Kenya Roads Board to national, urban, rural and county road authorities. Kenya Roads Board data shows the public road network grew to 239,122 km in 2024, and the Board estimates an annual maintenance financing gap of Sh63 billion. Recent debates over levy diversion, securitisation and county shares show both the strengths and the pressures of a dedicated road fund.

The 27.1 km Nairobi Expressway was built under Kenya’s first road PPP concession, with the concessionaire operating the toll road for 27 years before handing it back to the Kenya National Highways Authority. The project gives participants a live example of concession monitoring, tolling and handback planning.

Expected Outcomes of Road Maintenance Financing Training

学员将能够：

• Present a costed and prioritised maintenance programme
• Explain how road fund rules affect maintenance delivery
• Manage performance-based contracts and plan their handover
• Keep contract commitments and payments within approved budgets
• Control variations, claims and securities with clear records
• Monitor PPP concessions and report their fiscal obligations

Agencies that send planning, contracts and finance staff together gain most, because the programme follows money and contracts across those functions.

课程成果

培训开始前

• 学员课前评估
• Road Maintenance Financing Readiness Assessment
• Road Asset and Contract Management Resource Pack
• 课前阅读资料
• 免费签证支持与咨询
• 机场接机与欢迎协助
• 住宿（含早餐）
• 欢迎交流晚宴

培训期间

• Risalat培训礼包（背包、水瓶、马克杯、T恤、帽子、护照套、笔、笔记本、冰箱贴及钥匙扣）
• Comprehensive Road Maintenance Financing Training Manual
• Maintenance Needs and Prioritisation Template
• Contract Monitoring Register
• Variation and Claims Checklist
• Concession Monitoring Scorecard
• 实践研讨与模拟演练
• 小组讨论与同伴学习
• 每日午餐与茶歇
• 全面使用培训场地设施
• 装有数字学习资料的迷你平板电脑
• 实地考察（如适用）
• 城市休闲观光

培训结束后

• 结业证书
• Risalat培训项目参与表彰奖
• 培训后参考资料
• Audit Corrective Action Plan Template
• 90天行动计划审查
• 培训后支持与跟进指导
• 培训项目报告

Institutions that want a version tailored to their own network and contracts can request an in-house programme. Teams can also review their procurement systems with our free procurement maturity diagnostic.

常见问题

Who should attend this road maintenance financing training?

Road agency, road fund, local road authority, PPP unit and finance ministry staff, plus project teams on financed road projects and supervision consultants.

Does it cover OPRC contracts?

Yes. The third day covers output and performance-based road contracts, service levels and planning handover from donor-financed to government-funded maintenance.

Why Nairobi?

Kenya funds maintenance through a dedicated fuel levy distributed by the Kenya Roads Board and runs the Nairobi Expressway as a long-term concession, and African nationals except those of Somalia and Libya are exempt from its travel authorisation.

本培训项目能否以内训形式举办？

Yes. Agencies can request a tailored version built on their own network data and contract registers.

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